Tag Archives: evolution

A family album of evolutionary trees

Guest post by Theodore W. Pietsch

When most people think of trees, they envision the leafy-green, growing, photosynthesizing kind, but there’s a vast forest out there made up of an entirely different kind of tree—branching diagrams and related iconography that attempt to reveal the relationships of plants and animals. For at least the past 500 years, naturalists, realizing that words are not nearly enough, have sought to demonstrate similarities and differences (or to reveal the imagined temporal order in which God created life on Earth) among organisms pictorially, that is, through a fascinating array of diagrams of various sorts. Most of the diagrams resemble trees in the botanical sense—images with parts analogous to trunks, limbs, and terminal twigs.

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I first became interested in these “trees of life” as a young graduate student some 45 years ago and, for no other reason than I thought they were beautiful, I’ve been collecting them ever since—making photocopies and filing them away, with no thought of what I might do with them later on. Then in 2009, when the world was celebrating Charles Darwin’s birthday (1809) and the publication of his On the Origin of Species (1859), I again began to think more about “trees” and it dawned on me that a book about them might be worth pursuing. I dug out my old files and soon realized that my collection hardly did the subject justice.

I then began a determined search for more and found, not just more of the same, but a surprising, almost infinite variety of design. And the rest is history: Trees of Life: A Visual History of Evolution was published in April 2012 by the JHU Press. I invite you to take a look and see for yourself these images that attest to the manifest beauty, intrinsic interest, and human ingenuity revealed in trees of life through time.

Theodore W. Pietsch is Dorothy T. Gilbert Professor in the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and Curator of Fishes at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture at the University of Washington in Seattle. He is author of more than a dozen books, including The Curious Death of Peter Artedi: A Mystery in the History of Science and Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea.

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Filed under Animals, Biology, Botany

Happy birthday, Edison, Lincoln, and Darwin!

This weekend, we’re celebrating the birthdays of three great figures in history: Thomas Edison, Charles Darwin, and Abraham Lincoln. Edison was born 165 years ago this Saturday, and Sunday marks the 203rd anniversary of the births of both Lincoln and Darwin.

Did you know that Edison wasn’t the first to develop an incandescent light bulb? His invention, though, was the most successful of all the competing inventions. Drawing from the documents in the Edison archives, Robert Friedel and Paul Israel explain how this came to be in Edison’s Electric Light: The Art of Invention. (Nearly a hundred years ago, Edison predicted that another of his inventions, the motion picture camera, would render books in schools obsolete within 10 years; while that hasn’t happened yet, you can read Edison’s Electric Light via Project MUSE.)

And for more on the Wizard of Menlo Park that might spark some of that 1 percent of your own genius that’s inspiration, check out The Papers of Thomas A. Edison, Vol. 5, Vol. 6, and Vol. 7.

For an ambitious way to observe the Great Emancipator’s birthday, you could set out to achieve “Ultimate Lincoln Knowledge” by reading Michael Burlingame’s
masterpiece, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, which Christopher Hitchens called  “magnificent” and William Safire “magisterial.” If you read this 2,000-page biography from cover to cover (and then cover to cover again, as there are two volumes) by the next 12th of February, I will get my hands on a stovepipe hat just so I can tip it to you.

If you prefer your biographies to be more succinct, try Tim M. Berra’s Charles Darwin: The Concise Story of an Extraordinary Man. As the Library Journal says, readers “who want a quick, no-frills but still authoritative read on Darwin’s life couldn’t find a better source.” For some historical insight into the current debates on evolution and religious belief, check out Negotiating Darwin: The Vatican Confronts Evolution, 1877–1902, by Mariano Artigas, Thomas F. Glick, and Rafael A. Martínez. Another book by Glick on the father of evolution is What about Darwin? All Species of Opinion from Scientists, Sages, Friends, and Enemies Who Met, Read, and Discussed the Naturalist Who Changed the World, which Michael Ruse of the Quarterly Review of Biology called “a splendid compilation of opinions of the great (and not so great) who read Darwin’s works.” Ruse goes on to say, “Like Tennyson, get two copies; one for yourself and one to put on the side table in the guest bedroom.”

And you can do this for any of the books we’ve mentioned with a 40 percent discount when you purchase them through our website and enter the code HELD at checkout. Happy Edison-Lincoln-Darwin birthday weekend!

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Filed under American Studies, Biography, Biology